The nuclear program of Iran has long been at the forefront of tensions in the geopolitical world, particularly in relation to those of the United States and its allies. As talks on the level of enrichment, sanctions, and inspections continue there are many who ask the question: what exactly is the Iran’s nuclear program and what do the US would like to see from it?
What Is Iran’s Nuclear Programme?
The Iranian nuclear program began in the 1950s, under the U.S.-backed “Atoms for Peace” initiative. After 1979, however, the Islamic Revolution, cooperation with the West was ended and Iran continued to develop nuclear technology on its own.
Iran affirms that the nuclear plans are entirely civilian and with the aim of producing electricity and improving medical research. Iran has various nuclear facilities, which include:
Natanz and Fordow: Key uranium enrichment sites.
Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant Iran’s sole nuke power station.
Arak Heavy Water Reactor was once thought to be an enticement to source weapons-grade plutonium, it is now being modified pursuant to international accords.
However, the concerns increased as Iran began to enrich uranium above levels that are required for use by civilians. The enrichment rate of more than 3.67 percent (the limit established in the 2015 nuclear agreement) is viewed by many as a move towards weapon-grade materials.
The 2015 Nuclear Deal (JCPOA)
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) which was that was signed in the year 2015 between Iran with six of the world’s powerhouses (including America US) put the strictest restrictions on Iran’s nuclear programs in the exchange of sanctions relief. It allowed international inspections, and diminished Iran’s stockpile of uranium enriched.
However, in 2018 the Trump administration pulled out of the agreement, reviving sanctions. Iran was quick to respond by reducing its commitments, and speeding up enrichment.
What Does the US Want?
It is reported that the Biden administration has indicated an interest in revising the JCPOA or in negotiating a more robust long-term, more durable agreement. Some of the US demand includes:
Limiting the enrichment of uranium to stop the development of weapons.
Reinstating the full checks of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Extension of sunset clauses to avoid the possibility of nuclear escalation in the future.
Affecting regional security issues including Iran’s missile program and assistance for proxy group.
The Current Situation
Discussions between Iran and the world’s powers have been stalled several times as both sides accuse each other of acting in bad faith. Recent reports indicate that Iran has enhanced uranium levels to levels that are close to weapons-gradewhich has sparked concerns within Washington as well as European capitals.
However, Iran maintains that it will be back in compliance when the US lifts sanctions first while the US insists that Iran must first comply with its obligations.
What’s Next?
Diplomatic efforts continue behind background, but the threat of an escalated situation is still there. A military confrontation isn’t off the table, although both sides have expressed a desire for a peaceful solution.
While the world’s eyes are focused on this issue the future of Iran’s nuclear program and the wider stability of the region — hangs in the in the balance.